Narration/Direct and Indirect Speech- (উক্তি)
বক্তার উক্তিকেই narration বা speech বলে ।
Narration দুই প্রকার ।
যথা:
1. Direct narration/Direct speech (প্রত্যক্ষ উক্তি) 2. Indirect
narration/Indirect speech (পরোক্ষ উক্তি)
1. বক্তা যখন তাহার বক্তব্য প্রত্যক্ষ ভাবে পেশ করে তখন উহাকে direct narration বা direct speech বলে । যেমন: 1. He said, "I am well."
2. বক্তা যখন তাহার বক্তব্য পরোক্ষ ভাবে পেশ করে তখন উহাকে indirect narration বা indirect speech বলে । যেমন: 1. He said that he was well.
Narration এর অংশ দুটি । যথা: 1. Reporting verb 2. Reported speech
যেমন: 1. He said, "I am well." এখানে said- reporting verb এবং i am well- reported speech
Direct narration কে Indirect narration করিবার নিয়ম
1. Reporting verb পরিবর্তন করিতে হয় । বি: দ্র: ( Reporting verb পরিবর্তন হয়, Reported speech এর Sentence অনুসারে )
2. Reported speech এর Subject পরিবর্তন করিতে হয় । বি: দ্র: ( Reported speech এর Subject পরিবর্তন হয়, উক্ত Subject এর Person অনুসারে )
3. Reported speech এর Verb পরিবর্তন করিতে হয় । বি: দ্র: ( Reported speech এর Verb পরিবর্তন হয়, Sequence of tense অনুসারে বা Reporting verb এর Tense অনুসারে )
1. Reporting verb Present/Future tense এর হলে Reported speech এর Tense এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না শুধু Person এর পরিবর্তন হবে ।
2. Reporting verb যদি past tense এর হয়, তবে Reported speech অনুরূপ past tense এর হবে । বি: দ্র: ( Reporting verb এবং Reported speech উভয়েই Past tense এর হলে past indefinite- past perfect এবং past continuous- past perfect continuous হবে । past perfect এবং past perfect continuous tense হলে এদের tense এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না ।)
3. Reported speech এ first/second/third person থাকলে তা Reporting verb এর subject/object/no change অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তিত হয় ।
Direct - Indirect
this - that, there - those, here - there, now - then, come - go, today - that day, to night - that night, tomorrow - the next day/the following day, last night - the previous night, yesterday - the previous day/the day before, ago - before, thus - so, hence - thence
* Reporting verb present/future tense হলে reported speech এর নিকটতম শব্দ অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে ।
Example
1. King will say, "He writes a letter."
King will say that he writes a letter.
2. He says, "I am ill."
He says that he is ill.
3. He has said, "I have done my duty."
He has said that he has done his duty.
4. I say, "She is well."
I say that she is well.
5. He said, "I write a letter."
He said that he wrote a letter.
6. He said, "I am reading."
He said that he was reading.
7. She said, "I have done my duty."
She said that she had done her duty.
8. They said, "We have been working for two hours."
They said that they had been working for two hours.
9. He said, "I wrote a letter."
He said that He had written a letter.
10. She said, "I was reading."
She said that she had been reading.
11. He said, "I had suffered from fever before i left home."
He said that he had suffered from fever before he left home.
12. She said, "I had been suffering from fever for a week before i left home."
She said that she had been suffering from fever for a week before she left home.
13. The boy said, "I had done the work."
The boy said that he had done the work.
14. She said to me, "I shall help you."
She said that she would help me.
15. King said to me, "You will go home tomorrow."
King said to me that I would go home the next day.
16. He said, "I can finish the work."
He said that he could finish the work.
Assertive Sentence
Assertive Sentence এর Reporting Verb পরিবর্তন করিয়া say/said এর পরিবর্তে tell/told লিখিতে হইবে ( say/said এর পর object না থাকলে say/said অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে ) । Inverted কমা এর পরিবর্তে that লিখিবার পর Reported speech এর person ও tense নিয়ম অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করিয়া বাকী অংশ লিখিতে হইবে ।
বি: দ্র: ( say/said Intransitive verb বলে এর পর to বসে । কিন্তু tell/told Transitive verb বলে এর পর to বসে না )
যেমন
1. He said, "I love my mother and me."
He said that he loved his mother and him.
2. He said to you, "I love my mother and me."
He told you that he loved his mother and him.
3. She said, "You love your mother and you."
She said that you loved your mother and you.
4. She said to me, "You love your mother and you."
She told me that I loved my mother and me.
5. I said, "She loves her mother and him."
I said that she loved her mother and him.
6. I said to him, "She loves her mother and him."
I told him that she loved her mother and him.
7. He said to me, "I shall go to your father shop."
He told me that he would go to my father shop.
8. She said to me, "I shall help your son as my own son."
She told me that she would help my son as her own son.
9. The girl said, "My father will help me."
The girl said that her father would help her.
10. He said, "I went home yesterday."
He said that he had gone home the previous day.
11. He said, "I was well yesterday but today I am rather sick."
He said that he had been well the previous day but that day he was rather sick.
12. I said to you, "She was doing the sum."
I told you that she had been doing the sum.
13. You said to her, "I bought this pen last year."
You told her that you had bought that pen the previous year.
14. She said to me, "You were drawing a picture last night."
She told me that I had been drawing a picture the previous night.
15. She said to me, "I am going to school.
She told me that she was going to school.
16. She said to me, "I was going to school."
She told me that she had been going to school.
17. He said, "I go there."
He said that he went there.
18. He said, "I went there."
He said that he had gone there.
Interrogative Sentence
1. Interrogative Sentence verb দ্বারা আরম্ভ হইলে Reporting verb পরিবর্তন করিয়া ask+ed লিখিতে হয় । Inverted কমা এর পরিবর্তে if লিখিবার পর Reported speech এর subject ও verb Assertive Sentence এর মতই পরিবর্তন করিয়া বাকী অংশ লিখিতে হয় ।
যেমন
1. I say, "Are you wrong?"
I ask if you are wrong.
2. She said to me, "Will you come today?"
She asked me if I should go that day.
3. He said to me, "Do you know my teacher?"
He asked me if I knew his teacher.
4. I said to you, "Has he lost his pen?"
I asked you if he had lost his pen.
5. They said to us, "Will you go there tomorrow?"
They asked us if we should go there the next day.
6. She said, "Shall I go to bed now?"
She asked if she would go to bed then.
7. He said to me, "Have you taken my pen?"
He asked me if I had taken his pen.
2. Interrogative Sentence কোন pronoun বা adverb দ্বারা আরম্ভ হইলে Reporting verb পরিবর্তন করিয়া ask+ed লিখিতে হয় । Inverted কমা এর পরিবর্তে if না লিখিয়া যে pronoun বা adverb দ্বারা আরম্ভ হইবে উহাই লিখিতে হইবে । ইহার পর Reported speech এর subject ও verb Assertive Sentence এর মতই পরিবর্তন করিয়া বাকী অংশ লিখিতে হইবে ।
যেমন
1. He said to me, "How are you?"
He asked me how I was.
2. I said to him, "Why have you done this?"
I asked him why he had done that.
3. She said to me, "Where are you going now?"
She asked me where I was going then.
4. The teacher said to me, "What class do you read in?"
The teacher asked me what class I read in.
5. The teacher said to his students, "Why did you make a noise in the class?"
The teacher asked his students why they had made a noise in the class.
6. He said to me, "Who are you?"
He asked me who I was.
7. The teacher said to me, "What is your name?"
The teacher asked mImperative Sentence
Imperative Sentence
1. Imperative Sentence মূল verb দ্বারা আরম্ভ হইলে Reporting verb পরিবর্তন করিয়া order+ed, request+ed, command+ed, advise+d, tell বা told, wish+ed, bade লিখিতে হয় । ইহার পর inverted কমা এর পরিবর্তে to লিখিয়া বাকী অংশ লিখিতে হয় ।
যেমন
1. Mr Jhon said to his servant, "Go away at once."
Mr Jhon ordered his servant to go away at once.
2. He said to me, "Please lend me your pen."
He requested me to lend him my pen.
3. Father said to me, "Read the book attentively."
Father advised me to read the book attentively.
4. The captain said to his soldiers, "Fire on."
The captain commanded his soldiers to fire on.
5. You say to me, "Do it."
You tell me to do it.
6. He said to his friends, "Good morning."
He wished his friends good morning.
2. Imperative Sentence Do not দ্বারা আরম্ভ হইলে Reporting verb পরিবর্তন করিয়া advise+d লিখিতে হয় । ইহার পর Do উঠাইয়া দিয়া not এর পরে to বসাইয়া বাকী অংশ লিখিতে হয় ।
যেমন
1. The doctor said to his patient, "Do not eat too much."
The doctor advised his patient not to eat too much.
2. The teacher said to his students, "Do not kill your time."
The teacher advised his students not to kill their time.
3. The teacher said to me, "Do not tell a lie."
The teacher advised me not to tell a lie.
4. Mother said to her son, "Do not run in the sun."
Mother advised her son not to run in the sun.
5. I say to you, "Do not go there."
I tell you not to go there.
3. Imperative Sentence Let দ্বারা আরম্ভ হইয়া উহা যদি প্রস্তাব বুঝায় তবে Reporting verb পরিবর্তন করিয়া propose+d বা suggest+ed লিখিতে হয় । Inverted কমা এর পরিবর্তে that লিখিবার পর Reported speech এর Subject ও verb Assertive Sentence এর মতই পরিবর্তন করিতে হয় । ইহার পর Let এর পরিবর্তে should লিখিয়া বাকী অংশ লিখিতে হয় ।
যেমন
1. They say, "Let us do this."
They propose that they should do this.
2. They said, "Let us do this."
They proposed that they should do that.
3. He said to me, "Let us go out for a walk."
He proposed to me that they should go out for a walk.
4. The chairman said to his members, "Let us discuss the matter by today."
The chairman proposed to his members that they should discuss the matter by that day.
5. I said to him, "Let us go there."
I proposed to him that we should go there.
6. I said, "Let us work in the garden."
I proposed that we should work in the garden.
4. Imperative Sentence Let দ্বারা আরম্ভ হইয়া উহা যদি প্রস্তাব না বুঝায় তবে, Reporting verb পরিবর্তন না করিলেও চলে । Inverted কমা এর পরিবর্তে that লিখিবার পর Reported speech এর Subject Assertive Sentence এর মতই পরিবর্তন করিতে হয় । ইহার পর Let এর পরিবর্তে may বা might লিখিয়া বাকী অংশ লিখিতে হয় ।
যেমন
1. You say, "Let me do this."
You say that you may do this.
2. You said, "Let me do this."
You said that you might do that.
3. He said to me, "Let me have some water."
He told me that he might have some water.
4. I say to you, "Let him do whatever he likes."
I tell you that he may do whatever he likes.
5. Jodu said to her, "Let me have some food."
Jodu told her that he might have some food.
Exercise
1. The boy said to the teacher, "Sir, lend me your book please."
The boy requested the teacher with respect or respectfully to lend him his book.
2. He said to them, "Friends, help me."
Addressing them as friends, he requested them to help him.
Optative Sentence ( ইচ্ছা প্রার্থনা )
Optative Sentence এ Reporting verb পরিবর্তন করিয়া wish+ed বা pray+ed লিখিতে হয় । Inverted কমা এর পরিবর্তে that লিখিবার পর Reported speech এর subject ও verb Assertive Sentence এর মতই পরিবর্তন করিয়া বাকী অংশ লিখিতে হয় ।
বি: দ্র: 1. Reported speech এর subject Allah বা god থাকিলে pray অন্যথায় wish লিখা উত্তম ।
2. Reporting verb এর object না থাকিলে me ধরিয়া নিতে হইবে ।
যেমন
1. He said, "May Allah bless you."
He prayed that Allah might bless me.
2. She said to me, "May god save my child."
She prayed for me that god might save her child.
3. He said, "May you be happy."
He wished that I might be happy.
4. I say to you, "May you prosper in life."
I wish you that you may prosper in life.
5. Mother said to her son, "May you live long."
Mother wished her son that he might live long.
6. I said to him, "May you prosper in life."
I wished him that he might prosper in life.
Exclamatory Sentence
1. Exclamatory Sentence কোন interjection দ্বারা আরম্ভ হইলে Reporting verb পরিবর্তন করিয়া cry out/cried out বা exclaim+ed লিখিতে হয় । Interjection এর পরিবর্তে with joy বা with sorrow লিখিবার পর that লিখিতে হয় । ইহার পর Reported speech এর subject ও verb Assertive Sentence এর মতই পরিবর্তন করিয়া বাকী অংশ লিখিতে হয় ।
বি: দ্র: ( Interjection Hurrah, Bravo এর পরিবর্তে with joy এবং Interjection Oh, Ahh, Alas এর পরিবর্তে with sorrow লিখিতে হইবে )
যেমন
1. They say, "Hurrah! We have done this."
They cry out with joy that they have done this.
2. The boys said to us, "Bravo! We have won the game."
The boys exclaimed us with joy that they had won the game.
3. She said to me, "Ahh! You are going to dog."
She exclaimed me with sorrow that I was going to dog.
4. Mother said, "Ahh! My son is dead."
Mother exclaimed with sorrow that her son was dead.
5. He said to me, "Alas! I am undone."
He cried out with sorrow that he was undone.
2. Exclamatory Sentence what বা how দ্বারা আরম্ভ হইলে Reporting verb পরিবর্তন করিয়া cry out/cried out বা exclaim+ed লিখিতে হয় । Inverted কমা এর পরিবর্তে that লিখিবার পর Reported speech এর Subject ও verb Assertive Sentence এর মতই পরিবর্তন করিতে হয় । ইহার পর a থাকিলে, উহা লিখিবার পর what বা how এর পরিবর্তে very বা great লিখিয়া বাকী অংশ লিখিতে হয় ।
যেমন
1. He said to me, "What a nice bird it is!"
He exclaimed me that it was a very nice bird.
2. I say to her, "How sweet the mango is!"
I exclaim her that the mango is very sweet.
3. She said to me, "What a fool you are!"
She exclaimed me that I was a great fool.
4. You said to him, "How mad you are"
You exclaimed him that he was a great mad.
5. The teacher said to me, "What a dangerous thing a little learning is!"
The teacher exclaimed me that a little learning was a very dangerous thing.
Exercise
1. He said, "Man is mortal."
He said that Man is mortal.
2. The teacher said to me, "Honesty is the best policy."
The teacher told me that honesty is the best policy.
3. He said, "Ice floats on water."
He said that Ice floats on water.
4. I said to my daughter, "Two and three make five."
I told my daughter that two and three make five.
5. She said, "The earth is round."
She said that the earth is round.
1. বক্তা যখন তাহার বক্তব্য প্রত্যক্ষ ভাবে পেশ করে তখন উহাকে direct narration বা direct speech বলে । যেমন: 1. He said, "I am well."
2. বক্তা যখন তাহার বক্তব্য পরোক্ষ ভাবে পেশ করে তখন উহাকে indirect narration বা indirect speech বলে । যেমন: 1. He said that he was well.
Narration এর অংশ দুটি । যথা: 1. Reporting verb 2. Reported speech
যেমন: 1. He said, "I am well." এখানে said- reporting verb এবং i am well- reported speech
Direct narration কে Indirect narration করিবার নিয়ম
1. Reporting verb পরিবর্তন করিতে হয় । বি: দ্র: ( Reporting verb পরিবর্তন হয়, Reported speech এর Sentence অনুসারে )
2. Reported speech এর Subject পরিবর্তন করিতে হয় । বি: দ্র: ( Reported speech এর Subject পরিবর্তন হয়, উক্ত Subject এর Person অনুসারে )
3. Reported speech এর Verb পরিবর্তন করিতে হয় । বি: দ্র: ( Reported speech এর Verb পরিবর্তন হয়, Sequence of tense অনুসারে বা Reporting verb এর Tense অনুসারে )
1. Reporting verb Present/Future tense এর হলে Reported speech এর Tense এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না শুধু Person এর পরিবর্তন হবে ।
2. Reporting verb যদি past tense এর হয়, তবে Reported speech অনুরূপ past tense এর হবে । বি: দ্র: ( Reporting verb এবং Reported speech উভয়েই Past tense এর হলে past indefinite- past perfect এবং past continuous- past perfect continuous হবে । past perfect এবং past perfect continuous tense হলে এদের tense এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না ।)
3. Reported speech এ first/second/third person থাকলে তা Reporting verb এর subject/object/no change অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তিত হয় ।
Direct - Indirect
this - that, there - those, here - there, now - then, come - go, today - that day, to night - that night, tomorrow - the next day/the following day, last night - the previous night, yesterday - the previous day/the day before, ago - before, thus - so, hence - thence
* Reporting verb present/future tense হলে reported speech এর নিকটতম শব্দ অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে ।
Example
1. King will say, "He writes a letter."
King will say that he writes a letter.
2. He says, "I am ill."
He says that he is ill.
3. He has said, "I have done my duty."
He has said that he has done his duty.
4. I say, "She is well."
I say that she is well.
5. He said, "I write a letter."
He said that he wrote a letter.
6. He said, "I am reading."
He said that he was reading.
7. She said, "I have done my duty."
She said that she had done her duty.
8. They said, "We have been working for two hours."
They said that they had been working for two hours.
9. He said, "I wrote a letter."
He said that He had written a letter.
10. She said, "I was reading."
She said that she had been reading.
11. He said, "I had suffered from fever before i left home."
He said that he had suffered from fever before he left home.
12. She said, "I had been suffering from fever for a week before i left home."
She said that she had been suffering from fever for a week before she left home.
13. The boy said, "I had done the work."
The boy said that he had done the work.
14. She said to me, "I shall help you."
She said that she would help me.
15. King said to me, "You will go home tomorrow."
King said to me that I would go home the next day.
16. He said, "I can finish the work."
He said that he could finish the work.
Assertive Sentence
Assertive Sentence এর Reporting Verb পরিবর্তন করিয়া say/said এর পরিবর্তে tell/told লিখিতে হইবে ( say/said এর পর object না থাকলে say/said অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে ) । Inverted কমা এর পরিবর্তে that লিখিবার পর Reported speech এর person ও tense নিয়ম অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করিয়া বাকী অংশ লিখিতে হইবে ।
বি: দ্র: ( say/said Intransitive verb বলে এর পর to বসে । কিন্তু tell/told Transitive verb বলে এর পর to বসে না )
যেমন
1. He said, "I love my mother and me."
He said that he loved his mother and him.
2. He said to you, "I love my mother and me."
He told you that he loved his mother and him.
3. She said, "You love your mother and you."
She said that you loved your mother and you.
4. She said to me, "You love your mother and you."
She told me that I loved my mother and me.
5. I said, "She loves her mother and him."
I said that she loved her mother and him.
6. I said to him, "She loves her mother and him."
I told him that she loved her mother and him.
7. He said to me, "I shall go to your father shop."
He told me that he would go to my father shop.
8. She said to me, "I shall help your son as my own son."
She told me that she would help my son as her own son.
9. The girl said, "My father will help me."
The girl said that her father would help her.
10. He said, "I went home yesterday."
He said that he had gone home the previous day.
11. He said, "I was well yesterday but today I am rather sick."
He said that he had been well the previous day but that day he was rather sick.
12. I said to you, "She was doing the sum."
I told you that she had been doing the sum.
13. You said to her, "I bought this pen last year."
You told her that you had bought that pen the previous year.
14. She said to me, "You were drawing a picture last night."
She told me that I had been drawing a picture the previous night.
15. She said to me, "I am going to school.
She told me that she was going to school.
16. She said to me, "I was going to school."
She told me that she had been going to school.
17. He said, "I go there."
He said that he went there.
18. He said, "I went there."
He said that he had gone there.
Interrogative Sentence
1. Interrogative Sentence verb দ্বারা আরম্ভ হইলে Reporting verb পরিবর্তন করিয়া ask+ed লিখিতে হয় । Inverted কমা এর পরিবর্তে if লিখিবার পর Reported speech এর subject ও verb Assertive Sentence এর মতই পরিবর্তন করিয়া বাকী অংশ লিখিতে হয় ।
যেমন
1. I say, "Are you wrong?"
I ask if you are wrong.
2. She said to me, "Will you come today?"
She asked me if I should go that day.
3. He said to me, "Do you know my teacher?"
He asked me if I knew his teacher.
4. I said to you, "Has he lost his pen?"
I asked you if he had lost his pen.
5. They said to us, "Will you go there tomorrow?"
They asked us if we should go there the next day.
6. She said, "Shall I go to bed now?"
She asked if she would go to bed then.
7. He said to me, "Have you taken my pen?"
He asked me if I had taken his pen.
2. Interrogative Sentence কোন pronoun বা adverb দ্বারা আরম্ভ হইলে Reporting verb পরিবর্তন করিয়া ask+ed লিখিতে হয় । Inverted কমা এর পরিবর্তে if না লিখিয়া যে pronoun বা adverb দ্বারা আরম্ভ হইবে উহাই লিখিতে হইবে । ইহার পর Reported speech এর subject ও verb Assertive Sentence এর মতই পরিবর্তন করিয়া বাকী অংশ লিখিতে হইবে ।
যেমন
1. He said to me, "How are you?"
He asked me how I was.
2. I said to him, "Why have you done this?"
I asked him why he had done that.
3. She said to me, "Where are you going now?"
She asked me where I was going then.
4. The teacher said to me, "What class do you read in?"
The teacher asked me what class I read in.
5. The teacher said to his students, "Why did you make a noise in the class?"
The teacher asked his students why they had made a noise in the class.
6. He said to me, "Who are you?"
He asked me who I was.
7. The teacher said to me, "What is your name?"
The teacher asked mImperative Sentence
Imperative Sentence
1. Imperative Sentence মূল verb দ্বারা আরম্ভ হইলে Reporting verb পরিবর্তন করিয়া order+ed, request+ed, command+ed, advise+d, tell বা told, wish+ed, bade লিখিতে হয় । ইহার পর inverted কমা এর পরিবর্তে to লিখিয়া বাকী অংশ লিখিতে হয় ।
যেমন
1. Mr Jhon said to his servant, "Go away at once."
Mr Jhon ordered his servant to go away at once.
2. He said to me, "Please lend me your pen."
He requested me to lend him my pen.
3. Father said to me, "Read the book attentively."
Father advised me to read the book attentively.
4. The captain said to his soldiers, "Fire on."
The captain commanded his soldiers to fire on.
5. You say to me, "Do it."
You tell me to do it.
6. He said to his friends, "Good morning."
He wished his friends good morning.
2. Imperative Sentence Do not দ্বারা আরম্ভ হইলে Reporting verb পরিবর্তন করিয়া advise+d লিখিতে হয় । ইহার পর Do উঠাইয়া দিয়া not এর পরে to বসাইয়া বাকী অংশ লিখিতে হয় ।
যেমন
1. The doctor said to his patient, "Do not eat too much."
The doctor advised his patient not to eat too much.
2. The teacher said to his students, "Do not kill your time."
The teacher advised his students not to kill their time.
3. The teacher said to me, "Do not tell a lie."
The teacher advised me not to tell a lie.
4. Mother said to her son, "Do not run in the sun."
Mother advised her son not to run in the sun.
5. I say to you, "Do not go there."
I tell you not to go there.
3. Imperative Sentence Let দ্বারা আরম্ভ হইয়া উহা যদি প্রস্তাব বুঝায় তবে Reporting verb পরিবর্তন করিয়া propose+d বা suggest+ed লিখিতে হয় । Inverted কমা এর পরিবর্তে that লিখিবার পর Reported speech এর Subject ও verb Assertive Sentence এর মতই পরিবর্তন করিতে হয় । ইহার পর Let এর পরিবর্তে should লিখিয়া বাকী অংশ লিখিতে হয় ।
যেমন
1. They say, "Let us do this."
They propose that they should do this.
2. They said, "Let us do this."
They proposed that they should do that.
3. He said to me, "Let us go out for a walk."
He proposed to me that they should go out for a walk.
4. The chairman said to his members, "Let us discuss the matter by today."
The chairman proposed to his members that they should discuss the matter by that day.
5. I said to him, "Let us go there."
I proposed to him that we should go there.
6. I said, "Let us work in the garden."
I proposed that we should work in the garden.
4. Imperative Sentence Let দ্বারা আরম্ভ হইয়া উহা যদি প্রস্তাব না বুঝায় তবে, Reporting verb পরিবর্তন না করিলেও চলে । Inverted কমা এর পরিবর্তে that লিখিবার পর Reported speech এর Subject Assertive Sentence এর মতই পরিবর্তন করিতে হয় । ইহার পর Let এর পরিবর্তে may বা might লিখিয়া বাকী অংশ লিখিতে হয় ।
যেমন
1. You say, "Let me do this."
You say that you may do this.
2. You said, "Let me do this."
You said that you might do that.
3. He said to me, "Let me have some water."
He told me that he might have some water.
4. I say to you, "Let him do whatever he likes."
I tell you that he may do whatever he likes.
5. Jodu said to her, "Let me have some food."
Jodu told her that he might have some food.
Exercise
1. The boy said to the teacher, "Sir, lend me your book please."
The boy requested the teacher with respect or respectfully to lend him his book.
2. He said to them, "Friends, help me."
Addressing them as friends, he requested them to help him.
Optative Sentence ( ইচ্ছা প্রার্থনা )
Optative Sentence এ Reporting verb পরিবর্তন করিয়া wish+ed বা pray+ed লিখিতে হয় । Inverted কমা এর পরিবর্তে that লিখিবার পর Reported speech এর subject ও verb Assertive Sentence এর মতই পরিবর্তন করিয়া বাকী অংশ লিখিতে হয় ।
বি: দ্র: 1. Reported speech এর subject Allah বা god থাকিলে pray অন্যথায় wish লিখা উত্তম ।
2. Reporting verb এর object না থাকিলে me ধরিয়া নিতে হইবে ।
যেমন
1. He said, "May Allah bless you."
He prayed that Allah might bless me.
2. She said to me, "May god save my child."
She prayed for me that god might save her child.
3. He said, "May you be happy."
He wished that I might be happy.
4. I say to you, "May you prosper in life."
I wish you that you may prosper in life.
5. Mother said to her son, "May you live long."
Mother wished her son that he might live long.
6. I said to him, "May you prosper in life."
I wished him that he might prosper in life.
Exclamatory Sentence
1. Exclamatory Sentence কোন interjection দ্বারা আরম্ভ হইলে Reporting verb পরিবর্তন করিয়া cry out/cried out বা exclaim+ed লিখিতে হয় । Interjection এর পরিবর্তে with joy বা with sorrow লিখিবার পর that লিখিতে হয় । ইহার পর Reported speech এর subject ও verb Assertive Sentence এর মতই পরিবর্তন করিয়া বাকী অংশ লিখিতে হয় ।
বি: দ্র: ( Interjection Hurrah, Bravo এর পরিবর্তে with joy এবং Interjection Oh, Ahh, Alas এর পরিবর্তে with sorrow লিখিতে হইবে )
যেমন
1. They say, "Hurrah! We have done this."
They cry out with joy that they have done this.
2. The boys said to us, "Bravo! We have won the game."
The boys exclaimed us with joy that they had won the game.
3. She said to me, "Ahh! You are going to dog."
She exclaimed me with sorrow that I was going to dog.
4. Mother said, "Ahh! My son is dead."
Mother exclaimed with sorrow that her son was dead.
5. He said to me, "Alas! I am undone."
He cried out with sorrow that he was undone.
2. Exclamatory Sentence what বা how দ্বারা আরম্ভ হইলে Reporting verb পরিবর্তন করিয়া cry out/cried out বা exclaim+ed লিখিতে হয় । Inverted কমা এর পরিবর্তে that লিখিবার পর Reported speech এর Subject ও verb Assertive Sentence এর মতই পরিবর্তন করিতে হয় । ইহার পর a থাকিলে, উহা লিখিবার পর what বা how এর পরিবর্তে very বা great লিখিয়া বাকী অংশ লিখিতে হয় ।
যেমন
1. He said to me, "What a nice bird it is!"
He exclaimed me that it was a very nice bird.
2. I say to her, "How sweet the mango is!"
I exclaim her that the mango is very sweet.
3. She said to me, "What a fool you are!"
She exclaimed me that I was a great fool.
4. You said to him, "How mad you are"
You exclaimed him that he was a great mad.
5. The teacher said to me, "What a dangerous thing a little learning is!"
The teacher exclaimed me that a little learning was a very dangerous thing.
Exercise
1. He said, "Man is mortal."
He said that Man is mortal.
2. The teacher said to me, "Honesty is the best policy."
The teacher told me that honesty is the best policy.
3. He said, "Ice floats on water."
He said that Ice floats on water.
4. I said to my daughter, "Two and three make five."
I told my daughter that two and three make five.
5. She said, "The earth is round."
She said that the earth is round.
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