Paragraphs For All Class
1. Load-shedding
Load-shedding is the suspension of electricity supply on certain lines when demand is greater than the generation. Nowadays it has become a part of our daily life. There are many reasons for load shedding. It occurs when the generation of power is less than the demand. Besides, unplanned distribution and illegal connection of electricity are also responsible for it. It creates various serious problems. The students are affected by it if it occurs at night. They sit idly in the dark closing their books. They suffer terribly owing to load-shedding on the night before their examination. Mills, factories, industries, all academic and socio-economic institution seriously suffer due to it. It seems that everything comes to a standstill and so life becomes really painful. In a country like ours it is very difficult to solve the problem of load-shedding. Yet we can go a long way by establishing new power plants, ensuring planned distribution, reducing system loss and checking illegal connections. If these are ensured, we may expect to get rid of the curse of load-shedding. Government should also take effective steps in this regard.
2. A School Magazine
A school magazine is an annual publication of the school that contains the literary writings of students and teachers. Every year our school publishes a very nice magazine named “Abahan”. The magazine committee consists of some teacher and a number of qualified students from different classes. The committee collects writing from students and teachers and publishes the magazine once a year. The magazine of this year is at our hand now. It contains many short stories, articles, poems, and travel talks, reports of the games and sports of the school. It has a report of the activities of the scouts of the school. There is a report of the excursion that the students of class ten undertook in March last. There are some articles of the teachers. They are of literary, historical and social interest. The editorial written by the teacher-in-charge of the magazine highlights the various aspects of the school development program. In the foreword, the Headmaster appreciates all our efforts for the publication of the magazine. He encourages the young writers who have contributed articles in this issue. The travel talk and the poems are also nice. We, all the students of our school, eagerly wait for this magazine throughout the whole year. We are really proud of our school magazine.
3. Traffic Jam
When too many vehicles try to move along a street or a road at a time, it is called traffic jam. It is a common sight and a great problem in big cities like Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi etc. This is due to increasing population of the metropolitan cities. People from far off places rush towards big cities to earn as big cities have many options and possibilities for them. Then there are permanent citizens also. So with the human traffic, vehicular traffic also increases. As the standard of living is becoming high everyone wants to purchase his own car. This movement of more and more cars adds fuel to the fire. The result is a traffic jam. The impact of traffic jam is not limited to certain areas only. Moreover public has not proper sense of traffic rules, this also becomes a reason for traffic jams. In big cities there are processions, agitations and demonstrations also. When they disturb the traffic there is a traffic jam for hours. See how much time, money and petrol or diesel is wasted. Then there are traffic signals at short distances. But one takes these things as the gifts of big cities.
4. A Street Hawker
A man who sells various things by moving from street to street is a street hawker. He is a self-employed person. He is the familiar figure in the cities and towns. He raises a strange outcry to draw the attention of his customers .He wears a peculiar dress of different colours. He tries to attract the attention of the customers by using different tricks. He carries his goods either in bundles or in a basket. Sometimes he walks about with his goods on a wheeled platform. His customers are usually children and women. As they are credulous, they agree to pay whatever price he demands. So He does not like elderly men. He usually sells toys, cosmetics, ready-made garments, daily necessaries, utensils and balloons of various colors and shapes. Children gather round him and woman hail him. He is a clever man. He goes out his moving shop when the elderly people are out on duty or business. He demands higher price for his things but he sells his things at a cheaper rate. However he is an expected person for some people. Although he works hard, his life is miserable. All most all the time he leads a subhuman life.
5. Winter Morning
Winter is the coldest season in our country. So a winter morning is naturally a very cold morning. It is usually foggy morning when there is dense fog all around. Sometimes the fog is so dense that nothing can be seen even at a little distance. Everything is in the grip of dense fog and severe cold. Nature looks gloomy and everything looks hazy. The poor village people and slum-dwellers in cities suffer greatly for want of warm clothes. They make fire with leaves and straws to warm them. When the sun rises unveiling the fog, people specially the old and the children bask in the sun to get rid of the cold. Dew drops that fall on the grass and the leaves at night look like glittering pearls in the rays of the morning sun. the date juice sellers are often found selling date juice from door to door. It’s really enjoyable to have a glass of this sweet drink. The eating of home made cakes with date juice sitting in the warmth of the early rising sun is very enjoyable. That is why, I like winter morning very much. People generally get up late and are often late to their offices or working places due to foggy weather and severe cold. When the fog disappears, they start going to their place of work and duties.
6. School Library
Library is a special room where the books on different subjects are kept. The library which is specially meant for the students of a school is called a school library. It is a part and parcel of a school. Everyone should read books including the students because only text books cannot provide us with knowledge. Those who cannot buy the books must read them from the library. Students should take the books from school library and read it. I am a student of class nine. My school has a very big library and it has a huge collection of books on various subjects and they are arranged in the almirahs alphabetically and class wise. There are chairs and tables in the library. A library has certain rules which we are supposed to follow. We should remain quiet in the library. The books are issued for just a week and then they are given back to the librarian in proper condition. A library is very useful to us. We should read books. Reading books is a very good hobby. Books are our best friends. They help us a lot by providing us with knowledge.
7. Hygiene
Health is Wealth but to maintain good health one need to have good habits. A proper hygiene is a sign of good health. Hygiene helps to reduce the development and spread of illnesses and infections. There is the difference between health and hygiene. Health can be defined as a fit body which is free from any disorder and hygiene refers to those day to day activities (habits) done for improving health. Good hygiene will help to keep you healthy, confident and pleasant. Health is valuable than money. Money can be earned anytime but once health is ruined, then it difficult to win it back. So, it is important to cultivate hygienic habits which in turn will lead to good health. Human body and mind are connected so to keep your mind cheerful and pleasant you got to be a healthy. A person with a healthy lifestyle and hygienic habits lives a long and happy life.
Cleanliness, water, food these are most important things which fall under personal hygiene. One should aim for at least these three habits. Cleanliness plays an important role in keeping good health. Dirt contains germs which move with the dust in the air and spreads diseases.
8. A Book Fair
Book fair is a fair where various types of books are displayed for sale. A book fair is usually held in the month of January and February. In our country it is held in almost all cities and towns. The largest book fair is organized by ‘Bangla Academy’ on the occasion of the 21 February to commemorate the heroic sacrifice of our valiant martyrs. The main purpose of a book fair is not merely sale rather to offer a rare opportunity to assess the advancement made in the publication of books and to analyse recent views compared with previous book fairs . It helps to create new writers as well as new readers. It inspires people to instigate the habit of reading books. A book fair reminds us that books are our best companions. They change our outlook on life and widen our horizon of knowledge. Again we get these best friends at a cheaper rate from a book fair. In order to organize the fair a committee is formed. The committee makes all the arrangements to makes all the arrangements to make the fair successful. There should have arrangements of refreshments. Seminars and cultural programmes should be arranged.
9. A Street Accident
A street accident is a regular phenomenon in the highways and cities of our country. Every year it kills hundreds of lives. The indirect effect of this invisible monster is the downfall and untold suffering of hundreds of thousands of other people who are family members of those victims. A number of factors are responsible for this mishap including the inattentiveness of drivers, the working of a driver over too long a time at a stretch, the bad conditions of the streets, and most importantly, the maudlin competitiveness of the drivers. In Bangladesh, every day we find the news of road accident in our daily newspapers and the screen of television. It really makes us very shocked. Last month I faced such type of pathetic road accident. It occurred in Mirpur road near Kolabagan bus stand. When I was standing on the road and waiting for the bus. Then I saw a little boy who was trying to cross the busy road. When he was crossing the road at that time a bus was coming towards him with a great speed. But within a short time, it ran over the body of the boy and at once the boy was seriously injured. After sometimes when he was taken to the hospital, the doctor declared him death. Really, it made me more pathetic and I cannot forget it easily.
10. Early Rising
Early rising is the secret for a happy life. Fresh air in the morning is the queen of medicines and the beauty of Nature is the best of tonics. The music of birds and the smell and colour of flowers will give you the nicest kind of feast. Nature will give you what your soft bed cannot. We all wish to live long but we cannot. Why? We go against Nature. Nature likes us to work during day and to rest at night. But we do not obey this law of Nature. We do not go to bed early. We read or write late into night. Some of us keep playing, dancing and drinking whole night. So, we do not rise early. What is the result? Our health breaks down and we fall ill. Nature takes revenge. We have to suffer for our disobedience. But birds and animals are healthy. They do not need a doctor every day. Why So? They sleep early and rise early. Early rising is the secret of health. But if you like to rise early, you must go to bed early. This simple habit will give everything. So, it is said: “Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.”
11. A Rainy Day
On a rainy day, it rains all day long. A rainy day is dull and gloomy. The sky is overcast with thick clouds. None can go out without an umbrella. Water stands on the roads and roads become muddy and slippery. Those who have offices and other businesses go out with umbrellas over their head, shoes in hand and clothes folded up to the knee. Passers-by also move in the same way. Sometimes people slip and fall on the muddy road. When it rains in torrents, people get drenched and stop midway. The poor suffer much on a rainy day. They cannot go out in quest of work and cannot earn their daily food. They pass the day through sufferings. Most of the students do not go to the school. Only a few go to the school, but they get drenched on the way. So, classes are not held and it is a day of great joy to them. Other people stay at home and pass the day without doing anything. The cattle keep standing in their sheds and bellow. A rainy day is a mixed day of joy and sorrow. Despite all its disadvantages, we enjoy ourselves on this day. It brings some variety to our monotonous life.
12. A Tea Stall
A tea stall is a very common and well known place around us. A tea stall is a small shop where prepared tea and other things are sold for the passers-by and local people. It is a common place to all classes of people. It is usually found where the common people are available such as: at the turn of the road, bus stands, railway stations, Bazaar or even beside an office. It opens early in the morning and closes at late night. Biscuits, bread, bananas, betel leaf and different kinds of handmade snacks are available there. A tea stall is furnished with some benches and tables. A boy is employed in a tea stall to serve the customers. But in some tea stalls there is no boy and the owner does everything single handed. People refresh themselves with a cup of tea in a tea stall. People who come to a tea stall usually do not leave it immediately after taking a cup of tea. A tea stall is also a place where social disputes are settled. People mainly talk about politics and current affairs. This is why some people call it a mini parliament by fun. In fact, tea stall is nowadays an important place of social gathering. At present stalkers take shelter in any tea stall near school-colleges and tease girls. It is creating a very bad impact on our society. Despite some dark aspects, a tea stall occupies an important place in our day-to-day life.
13. The Folk Music of Bangladesh
Bangladesh is country that has very deep traditional music roots. Music is not only used as a form of documenting the lives of people by writing songs about them, but it is a vital part of their prayers. The songs are composed for different groups in the community, such as hermits, fishermen and cart drivers, each having specific songs relating to them. As the world becomes more modernized, the music industry in Bangladesh is also adapting and various genres began to emerge, such as the folk music genre called Sufi. There were a number of people who contributed to the popularization of Bangla folk music, such as Addas Uddin, Lalon Fokir and Ramesh Shill, and there are a number of different categories within the folk music genre of Bangladesh. The Bhandari genre is mainly performed in the south of the country and is a form of devotional music; while in the north, in the Rangpur region, Gombhira, Bhawaiya and Gajirgeet are more popular. Bhawaiya is the genre of cart drivers. Gombhira on the other hand is always performed by two artists, representing a man and his grandfather. Westernization of music has crept into the Bangla music industry, but folk music is still widely popular, and now younger musicians are beginning to follow by the example set by these musicians to bring folk music back as a popular music genre.
14. Ethnic People of Bangladesh
There are many ethnic people in Bangladesh. They are important parts of our culture. The majority of these people live in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. The others live in the regions of Mymensingh, Rajshahi and Sylhet. They live in forest the areas, in the hills and in rural areas. They practise Jhum cultivation. They clear a piece of land in the forest, prepare it and sow seeds in it. They are mostly farmers. By religion they are Hindus, Christians or Buddhists. They speak their own mother tongues. Some of them are the Chakmas, the Marmans, the Tipperas and the Moorangs who live in the Hill Tracts. The Santals live in Rajshahi. The Khasias and the Monipuries live in Sylhet and the Hajangs and the Garos in Mymensingh. Infact all the enthnic people are important part of our population.
15. Our Neighbors
We all live in a society and we all have neighbors. But how many of us have really good and loyal neighbors? Some of us don’t even know who stays next door! That is how things have changed in the modern world. I live in an apartment and I too have lovely and nice neighbors. They came to this apartment after we had been here for more than a year. At first since my parents and they were also working, we did not have much time to speak to each other. Gradually, we started mingling and talking and I had a company in that house, a boy of my age. So we became friends quickly and that led to the fast growth of our families’ relationship too. We invite them for birthdays and special occasions and they also invite us when they have something special at their home. Apart from celebration, they are also very helping people. Once my sister fell down, it was the uncle of that house who took her to the hospital as my parents had just gone out for something very urgent and similarly my parents have also helped them when they required help. Now most of the evenings, either we go there to play or my friend comes over to play and our moms discuss and talk so many matters while we play. For any emergency, we could rely on each other and we have no problems over it. I love them very much and I wish we do not have to separate for any reason. Good neighbors are hard to find and we are lucky to have them.
16. Pastimes
The thing we do regularly for enjoyment rather than work is called pastime. In other words, pastime means one’s activities in one’s leisure. It differs from place to place. In our country pastime varies in respect of locality. In the village, we see men pass their leisure by chatting. They also indulge in some games and sports namely ha-du-du, boat race, kiting etc. Some village people have their pastimes by doing social activities. Some take part in cultural activities like ‘Jatra, Jari-gan,’ etc. In the town, we see people have their pastimes by taking part in the discussion on political issues at tea-stalls. In this scientific era, their pastime has changed. They are fond of spending their leisure before television. They watch programmes of different satellite channels. The younger generation is very much fond of cricket and hence they prefer sports channels. The women in the city area are fond of watching drama and films on television. The Chinese spend their time with their family members in parks. The Japanese love sports and spend their time in playing baseball, golf and practicing martial arts. Students spend their leisure in English clubs or art clubs or doing skate boarding. Thus pastimes vary from region to region. The pastimes which are common all over the world are watching television, reading novels, collecting stamps, sight seeing, gardening, walking, gossiping, fishing, going on picnics etc. I have a keen interest in photography. That is why, it is my favourite pastime.
17. Life of a Farmer
The farmer is one of the most useful people of since the beginning of civilization. We all depend on agriculture to meet our requirement of food. We get our food because the farmer grows crops and carries the agricultural activities. Though, they feed the entire humanity, their life conditions are far from satisfactory. The life of a farmer is very tough. He works very hard day and night in all seasons. During summer, he works under the heat of the sun. During the rainy season, he gets wet while ploughing the field. During winter, he carries on his hard work in spite of the dull and cold weather. The life of a farmer is much dependent upon forces of nature. For agriculture, adequate monsoon is required. If the rainfall is adequate, the agricultural output would be good. The farmer earns money by selling his crops. He remains happy if the crops are good. But, if the crops fail, then his life becomes miserable. Most of the farmers of our country are illiterate. They can’t read or write. Since they are not educated, they are unaware of their legitimate rights. They are often cheated by money-lenders. They have little education and awareness about the benefits of maintaining a good hygienic environment. Most of the farmers are simple, hard-working, sincere and honest people. They always remain at the mercy of nature and God. The Government has introduced several schemes for the benefit of the farmers. Let’s hope that these benefits will actually reach the farmers.
18. Street Accident
A street accident is a daily and common affair in Bangladesh. It is very common news on radio and television. We read the news of street accidents in daily newspapers every day. Street accidents generally take place on the busy roads and highways. There are many causes of street accidents. Roadside defects, excessive speed, dangerous overtaking, reckless driving, disobeying of traffic rules are the main reasons of street accident. Lack of public awareness is also responsible for accident. Very often people try to cross the road without following traffic signs and rules. As a result they are run over by vehicles. Street accidents have dreadful effects in our life. Every year thousands of people lose their lives and many more are injured in street accidents. We must take some steps in order to get rid of this national problem. Traffic rules must be enforced strictly. The reckless drivers must be given exemplary punishment. Besides, constructions of spacious roads, double way road will minimize the problem to a great extent. Non motorized vehicles must not ply on the highways and people must be conscious while crossing the road.
19. A Village Doctor
A village doctor is a very well-known figure in our society. He is not a much qualified doctor. He is known as an ordinary doctor. He treats the patients on the basis of his long experience of working with a qualified doctor. He generally sets apart a part of his living house as a dispensary where he attends on the patients. Normally, a chair, a table and an almirah are seen in his dispensary. He gets ready in the morning to attend on the patients. He often goes out to see patients on private calls in the adjacent areas. He takes small fees from the patients. Most often he gives his patients mixtures, tablets and syrups to cure their diseases. He does not keep expensive medicines and injections in his dispensary. As such he can’t supply medicines to serious patients. Sometimes, he prescribes wrong medicines, which cause death to some patients. But whatever may be the fact, a village doctor is a great friend to the village people. In absence of a qualified doctor, he renders immense service to them. He tries his best to cure the disease of the patient with his acquired professional knowledge. Really he is a very helpful and useful person to the villagers.
20. A Street Beggar
A man who earns his livelihood by begging in a street is called a street beggar. The street beggar is a common sight of any countries. His life is pitiable and deplorable. He is known to all of us. He stands at the roadside and stretches his hand with shout for money. He is found all around the town or cities. A street beggar may be able-bodied, blind, lame or crippled. When a passer-by walks past him, he draws people’s attention through appealing in various ways like shouting, singing and so on. He wears torn and patched dress. Some of them are really invalid. He begs from dawn to dusk and returns how with whatever he gets. With this small income, he supports himself and his family. He is never happy as he always depends upon other’s help and mercy. Sometimes, he begs door to door. So, the life of a street beggar is very miserable. It is our moral duty that we should rehabilitate them in proper places so that they can lead and live a normal life with the sense of honor. And we should make it possible for the street beggar to take part in economic activities.
21. Drug addiction
Drug addiction means the condition of being unable to stop taking illegal harmful substances that some people smoke or inject. Drugs like heroin, opium, marijuana, morphine, cocaine, phensidyle etc give exciting feelings to those who take these. But frequent taking of these drugs leads a man to certain immature death. Among the addicted people, the young generation is larger in number. There are mainly two reasons behind it. First one is young people are more curious. So, whatever they see harmful or useful, they are the first to taste. Again, frustration is another cause of taking drugs. When there is no hope left for the young, they become addicted to drugs. It has become not only a national problem but also a global problem. Thousands of families in cities, towns and even rural areas all over the world are directly or indirectly affected by it. Drugs have terrible effects on human body. It is a slow poison that damages the brain and all internal functions of the body leading ultimately to death. Again, drug addiction gives birth to new crimes. Drugs are very expensive. So, young people involve in crimes to get money for taking drugs. In Bangladesh drug problem has become a national problem.
22. Bangladesh
Bangladesh is a small country of south Asia. It became free from Pakistan in 1971. For the liberation about 3 million people sacrificed their lives. It has an area of about 1 lac 47 thousand 5 hundred and 70 square kilometers. The capital city of Bangladesh is Dhaka. Most of the people of our country speak Bengali. In 1952 we gained our mother tongue. It was a glorious acquisition for us. Although Bangladesh is a small country, about 160 million people live here. As it is a developing country, the people of Bangladesh are not free from financial problems. We are mainly Muslims but Hindus, Buddhists and Christians also live here. Bangladesh has many age old traditions. People observe different festivals on different occasions. Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul- Azha, Pahela Baishakh etc are the most common traditional festivals. Naturally Bangladesh is very beautiful. Bangladesh is a land of rivers. The Padma, the Meghna and the Jamuna are the main big rivers of the country. Jute, rice, tea, sugarcane, cotton etc are the main crops of the country. Despite these, Bangladesh has the world’s largest mangrove forest named Sundarbans and the longest sea beach named Cox’s Bazar. The national beast of this country is Royal Bengal Tiger. The national game of Bangladesh is Hadudu. The national bird is Doyel. The national flower is Shapla. The national fruit of the country is jack-fruit. The Shatgombuj Mosque, The Buddhist Bihar, Mahastangar etc are also prominent sites of Bangladesh. I feel proud of being a citizen of my country.
23. The International Mother Language Day
21 February is observed as the International Mother Language Day across the world. The then government of West Pakistan declared in 1948 that only Urdu would be the state language of Pakistan. But the students of our country protested this announcement saying that Bangla would be the state language of East Pakistan. The students formed ‘Mother Language Struggle Parishad’ and decided to continue their movement. On 21 February in 1952, many students brought out a procession and claimed their demand. But suddenly the police fired upon the procession and some students died on the spot. Consequently, Bangla was declared the state language of East Pakistan. Afterwards, on November 17, 1999, UNESCO declared the day as the International Mother Language Day. The day is observed to respect one’s mother tongue, in multilingual variety and cultural traditions throughout the world. On 21 February, the people of our country generally wake up early in the morning. They walk to Shaheed Minars barefooted with flowers and wreaths in hands. They also put on a black badge to mark the day as a mournful one for them. They offer flowers and wreaths on the foot of Shaheed Minars by standing silently for some time. Many meetings and seminars are held. People also pray for the salvation of the souls of the martyrs.
24. Danger of Smoking
Dangers of smoking are beggar description. It is so dangerous that it may cause cancer, heart attack, chronic bronchitis and other diseases. Every year millions of people die due to bad habits of smoking. One puff of cigarette smoke contains more or less nicotine, methyl alcohol, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, arsenic, benzopyrene and several other acids which are fatal to human beings. Nicotine constricts the size of the blood vessels which impedes the flow of blood and oxygen in the body. In fact, it causes blood pressure and heart attack. Benzopyrene is one of the most powerful cancer-causing agents in animals and human beings. Besides, arsenic is cancer causing. Tobacco tar is also cancer-causing. The tar and the drying effect of cigarette smoke slow down the action of the cilia inside the bronchial tube and eventually destroy them. Carbon monoxide drives oxygen out of the red blood cells. So, the dangers of smoking are immense and we should give it up without further delay if we are used to it.
25. Climate Change
Climate change is the most pressing issue at the moment over the world. The cause of climate change can be divided into two categories those are due to natural causes and those are created by men. Global worming is the main natural reason and using harmful chemicals in every day life the main reason created by man. The climate is changing rapidly that result in the rise of the earth’s average temperature. The global climate change and its consequences are leaving a bad impact on the developing countries to face natural calamities and poverty. Climate change impacts include temperature rise, greenhouse and carbon dioxide gas emissions, erratic rainfall, salinity intrusion, rise of floods, cyclones, storm surges and draught, ice sheets melting which will seriously affect the agriculture and livelihood, especially at the poor. Bangladesh, for its geographical locations, is likely to be the most affected. The developed nations, which are more responsible for such climate changes, should take responsibilities to protect the victimized countries. The Maldives is also one of the worst victims of climate change. A one meter sea-level rise will submerge about one-third of the total area of Bangladesh, which will uproot 25-30 million people of Bangladesh. These people will become refuges of climate change. To reduce the bad impact of climate change people should be aware. Tree plantation can reduce global warming which is the main natural reason of climate change. Stop using harmful chemicals can reduce environmental pollution which is the main man made reason of climate change. Students should be careful to protect the environment and raise awareness. Thus students can play a vital role to reduce bad impact of climate change.
26. Our National Flag
A national flag is the symbol of independence and sovereignty of a free country. Every free nation of the world has its own national flag. Bangladesh has also a national flag as she is an independent and sovereign country. Bangladesh got this nation flag on December 16, 1971 after a nine-month long valiant struggle of our heroic freedom fighters with the occupied Pakistan army. The flag is rectangular in size having a proportion of 10 : 6. There are two colors in our national flag – bottle green and red. The green color of our national flag stands for everlasting youth, freshness and vigour of the nation .It also symbolizes the greenery of Bangladesh. The deep red round color part symbolizes the rising sun of independence. It also stands for the supreme sacrifices of our heroic freedom fighters who laid down their lives for the cause of their motherland. The flag is hoisted everyday on the top of government building, educational institutions and offices. It is hoisted everywhere on independent day and the Victory Day. Besides, it is hoisted half mast on national and international mourning day. Whenever we see our national flag flying, our mind is filled with joy and hearts swell in pride. We feel proud of our national flag.
27. Tree Plantation
Tree plantation means planting trees in a systematic and organized way to maintain the balance of the environment. Trees are the parts and parcels of our life. They are useful and important to us in many ways. They provide us with verities of fruits, which are very delicious to eat and at the same time rich in vitamins. They supply us with various kinds of timbers which are used to make our houses, furniture, boats, buses, trucks etc and decorate them beautifully. The most important of all, they absorb carbon dioxide from air and release oxygen which is needed for our life. Above all, the necessity of trees cannot be described in words. So, we should plant more and more trees to develop our forest resources. Rainy season is the best time for planting trees. After plantation we should take necessary care of the little plants so that they can grow up properly. Awareness about the importance and usefulness of trees should be created among the people. After all, we should participate in tree plantation programme of the government to make it a success. Besides this, tree plantation programme should be turned into a social movement.
28. Environment Pollution
All our surroundings including air, water, soil, trees, and animals make up our environment. When the normal relations among these elements of natures are disturbed, the ecological balance is hampered and it is called environmental pollution. Environment is polluted by way of pollution of the factors that constitute it. Air pollution, water pollution, sound pollution and odour pollution together with deforestation are the main conditions that pollute environment. The impact of environment pollution is very dangerous. The smoke from factories and other vehicles contains harmful substances like carbon-monoxide and sulfur-di-oxide. These hamper the cleanliness of the air. Mills and factories set up on river banks let out chemical wastes in to the river water. These poisonous substances are destroying the plants and aquatic life. Pesticides and chemical fertilizers used in agriculture are also polluting water. When people drink this water or take a bath in the polluted water, they are attacked with stomach and skin diseases. Besides, the birds and beasts have to lose their habitats and are badly affected by environment pollution which may often bring about the extinction. Environmental pollution may be controlled by taking different measures. We may increase after station. If trees are planted in large numbers, we can be benefited in different ways. Trees also increase rainfall and prevent air pollution. Laws should be passed to prevent factories from dumping wastes. Moreover, every conscious individual and institution should come forward to solve this problem for the sake of our existence.
29. Deforestation
A large area of land abounding with trees, bushes etc. are called forest. And deforestation means cutting down trees in large numbers. Trees are useful to us in various ways. They provide us with wood, food and other products, they give us shade and they help to prevent droughty and floods. But the third of these services of trees is the most important. To draw quick profit from trees, men cut them down in large numbers. Trees are destroyed mostly for being used as fire wood. This destruction disturbs our ecological balance. It leads to soil erosion and deprives us of fruit and timber and causes economic loss. So, we have to realize the bad effects of deforestation. In fact, if deforestation goes on our country will be changed into a desert. So, we have to educate our common people and to persuade them to abstain from cutting down trees. We should create awareness among the general people about the evils of destroying forests and motivate them to plant more and more trees. Otherwise the forests of our country will slowly disappear and we will be in great miseries. So, I think every man and woman should plant at least a tree every year.
30. The victory day
Victory day is one of the most memorable days in our national life. This day is observed on the 16th December every year as we have achieved our national freedom from the tyranny of the then West-Pakistan through a tough liberation war. The brutal Pakistani army began an inhuman attack on the innocent people and many of our intellectuals and tortured innumerable woman. But our brave sons could not tolerate this inhumane attack. Both male and female from all portions of our society started a bloody struggle against the Pakistani rulers. After a nine month struggle the Pakhistan army was forced to surrender unconditionally. Thus the people of Bangladesh have brought the independence from the oppressive Pakistani rulers. It is not only a day of enjoyment but also a day of sorrow. It also makes us remember of our heroic sons and daughters who laid their lives to bring the freedom. The victory day symbolizes the triumph of justice over tyranny, of truth over falsehood. So the 16th December is a very important day in the history of Bangladesh.
Load-shedding is the suspension of electricity supply on certain lines when demand is greater than the generation. Nowadays it has become a part of our daily life. There are many reasons for load shedding. It occurs when the generation of power is less than the demand. Besides, unplanned distribution and illegal connection of electricity are also responsible for it. It creates various serious problems. The students are affected by it if it occurs at night. They sit idly in the dark closing their books. They suffer terribly owing to load-shedding on the night before their examination. Mills, factories, industries, all academic and socio-economic institution seriously suffer due to it. It seems that everything comes to a standstill and so life becomes really painful. In a country like ours it is very difficult to solve the problem of load-shedding. Yet we can go a long way by establishing new power plants, ensuring planned distribution, reducing system loss and checking illegal connections. If these are ensured, we may expect to get rid of the curse of load-shedding. Government should also take effective steps in this regard.
2. A School Magazine
A school magazine is an annual publication of the school that contains the literary writings of students and teachers. Every year our school publishes a very nice magazine named “Abahan”. The magazine committee consists of some teacher and a number of qualified students from different classes. The committee collects writing from students and teachers and publishes the magazine once a year. The magazine of this year is at our hand now. It contains many short stories, articles, poems, and travel talks, reports of the games and sports of the school. It has a report of the activities of the scouts of the school. There is a report of the excursion that the students of class ten undertook in March last. There are some articles of the teachers. They are of literary, historical and social interest. The editorial written by the teacher-in-charge of the magazine highlights the various aspects of the school development program. In the foreword, the Headmaster appreciates all our efforts for the publication of the magazine. He encourages the young writers who have contributed articles in this issue. The travel talk and the poems are also nice. We, all the students of our school, eagerly wait for this magazine throughout the whole year. We are really proud of our school magazine.
3. Traffic Jam
When too many vehicles try to move along a street or a road at a time, it is called traffic jam. It is a common sight and a great problem in big cities like Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi etc. This is due to increasing population of the metropolitan cities. People from far off places rush towards big cities to earn as big cities have many options and possibilities for them. Then there are permanent citizens also. So with the human traffic, vehicular traffic also increases. As the standard of living is becoming high everyone wants to purchase his own car. This movement of more and more cars adds fuel to the fire. The result is a traffic jam. The impact of traffic jam is not limited to certain areas only. Moreover public has not proper sense of traffic rules, this also becomes a reason for traffic jams. In big cities there are processions, agitations and demonstrations also. When they disturb the traffic there is a traffic jam for hours. See how much time, money and petrol or diesel is wasted. Then there are traffic signals at short distances. But one takes these things as the gifts of big cities.
4. A Street Hawker
A man who sells various things by moving from street to street is a street hawker. He is a self-employed person. He is the familiar figure in the cities and towns. He raises a strange outcry to draw the attention of his customers .He wears a peculiar dress of different colours. He tries to attract the attention of the customers by using different tricks. He carries his goods either in bundles or in a basket. Sometimes he walks about with his goods on a wheeled platform. His customers are usually children and women. As they are credulous, they agree to pay whatever price he demands. So He does not like elderly men. He usually sells toys, cosmetics, ready-made garments, daily necessaries, utensils and balloons of various colors and shapes. Children gather round him and woman hail him. He is a clever man. He goes out his moving shop when the elderly people are out on duty or business. He demands higher price for his things but he sells his things at a cheaper rate. However he is an expected person for some people. Although he works hard, his life is miserable. All most all the time he leads a subhuman life.
5. Winter Morning
Winter is the coldest season in our country. So a winter morning is naturally a very cold morning. It is usually foggy morning when there is dense fog all around. Sometimes the fog is so dense that nothing can be seen even at a little distance. Everything is in the grip of dense fog and severe cold. Nature looks gloomy and everything looks hazy. The poor village people and slum-dwellers in cities suffer greatly for want of warm clothes. They make fire with leaves and straws to warm them. When the sun rises unveiling the fog, people specially the old and the children bask in the sun to get rid of the cold. Dew drops that fall on the grass and the leaves at night look like glittering pearls in the rays of the morning sun. the date juice sellers are often found selling date juice from door to door. It’s really enjoyable to have a glass of this sweet drink. The eating of home made cakes with date juice sitting in the warmth of the early rising sun is very enjoyable. That is why, I like winter morning very much. People generally get up late and are often late to their offices or working places due to foggy weather and severe cold. When the fog disappears, they start going to their place of work and duties.
6. School Library
Library is a special room where the books on different subjects are kept. The library which is specially meant for the students of a school is called a school library. It is a part and parcel of a school. Everyone should read books including the students because only text books cannot provide us with knowledge. Those who cannot buy the books must read them from the library. Students should take the books from school library and read it. I am a student of class nine. My school has a very big library and it has a huge collection of books on various subjects and they are arranged in the almirahs alphabetically and class wise. There are chairs and tables in the library. A library has certain rules which we are supposed to follow. We should remain quiet in the library. The books are issued for just a week and then they are given back to the librarian in proper condition. A library is very useful to us. We should read books. Reading books is a very good hobby. Books are our best friends. They help us a lot by providing us with knowledge.
7. Hygiene
Health is Wealth but to maintain good health one need to have good habits. A proper hygiene is a sign of good health. Hygiene helps to reduce the development and spread of illnesses and infections. There is the difference between health and hygiene. Health can be defined as a fit body which is free from any disorder and hygiene refers to those day to day activities (habits) done for improving health. Good hygiene will help to keep you healthy, confident and pleasant. Health is valuable than money. Money can be earned anytime but once health is ruined, then it difficult to win it back. So, it is important to cultivate hygienic habits which in turn will lead to good health. Human body and mind are connected so to keep your mind cheerful and pleasant you got to be a healthy. A person with a healthy lifestyle and hygienic habits lives a long and happy life.
Cleanliness, water, food these are most important things which fall under personal hygiene. One should aim for at least these three habits. Cleanliness plays an important role in keeping good health. Dirt contains germs which move with the dust in the air and spreads diseases.
8. A Book Fair
Book fair is a fair where various types of books are displayed for sale. A book fair is usually held in the month of January and February. In our country it is held in almost all cities and towns. The largest book fair is organized by ‘Bangla Academy’ on the occasion of the 21 February to commemorate the heroic sacrifice of our valiant martyrs. The main purpose of a book fair is not merely sale rather to offer a rare opportunity to assess the advancement made in the publication of books and to analyse recent views compared with previous book fairs . It helps to create new writers as well as new readers. It inspires people to instigate the habit of reading books. A book fair reminds us that books are our best companions. They change our outlook on life and widen our horizon of knowledge. Again we get these best friends at a cheaper rate from a book fair. In order to organize the fair a committee is formed. The committee makes all the arrangements to makes all the arrangements to make the fair successful. There should have arrangements of refreshments. Seminars and cultural programmes should be arranged.
9. A Street Accident
A street accident is a regular phenomenon in the highways and cities of our country. Every year it kills hundreds of lives. The indirect effect of this invisible monster is the downfall and untold suffering of hundreds of thousands of other people who are family members of those victims. A number of factors are responsible for this mishap including the inattentiveness of drivers, the working of a driver over too long a time at a stretch, the bad conditions of the streets, and most importantly, the maudlin competitiveness of the drivers. In Bangladesh, every day we find the news of road accident in our daily newspapers and the screen of television. It really makes us very shocked. Last month I faced such type of pathetic road accident. It occurred in Mirpur road near Kolabagan bus stand. When I was standing on the road and waiting for the bus. Then I saw a little boy who was trying to cross the busy road. When he was crossing the road at that time a bus was coming towards him with a great speed. But within a short time, it ran over the body of the boy and at once the boy was seriously injured. After sometimes when he was taken to the hospital, the doctor declared him death. Really, it made me more pathetic and I cannot forget it easily.
10. Early Rising
Early rising is the secret for a happy life. Fresh air in the morning is the queen of medicines and the beauty of Nature is the best of tonics. The music of birds and the smell and colour of flowers will give you the nicest kind of feast. Nature will give you what your soft bed cannot. We all wish to live long but we cannot. Why? We go against Nature. Nature likes us to work during day and to rest at night. But we do not obey this law of Nature. We do not go to bed early. We read or write late into night. Some of us keep playing, dancing and drinking whole night. So, we do not rise early. What is the result? Our health breaks down and we fall ill. Nature takes revenge. We have to suffer for our disobedience. But birds and animals are healthy. They do not need a doctor every day. Why So? They sleep early and rise early. Early rising is the secret of health. But if you like to rise early, you must go to bed early. This simple habit will give everything. So, it is said: “Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.”
11. A Rainy Day
On a rainy day, it rains all day long. A rainy day is dull and gloomy. The sky is overcast with thick clouds. None can go out without an umbrella. Water stands on the roads and roads become muddy and slippery. Those who have offices and other businesses go out with umbrellas over their head, shoes in hand and clothes folded up to the knee. Passers-by also move in the same way. Sometimes people slip and fall on the muddy road. When it rains in torrents, people get drenched and stop midway. The poor suffer much on a rainy day. They cannot go out in quest of work and cannot earn their daily food. They pass the day through sufferings. Most of the students do not go to the school. Only a few go to the school, but they get drenched on the way. So, classes are not held and it is a day of great joy to them. Other people stay at home and pass the day without doing anything. The cattle keep standing in their sheds and bellow. A rainy day is a mixed day of joy and sorrow. Despite all its disadvantages, we enjoy ourselves on this day. It brings some variety to our monotonous life.
12. A Tea Stall
A tea stall is a very common and well known place around us. A tea stall is a small shop where prepared tea and other things are sold for the passers-by and local people. It is a common place to all classes of people. It is usually found where the common people are available such as: at the turn of the road, bus stands, railway stations, Bazaar or even beside an office. It opens early in the morning and closes at late night. Biscuits, bread, bananas, betel leaf and different kinds of handmade snacks are available there. A tea stall is furnished with some benches and tables. A boy is employed in a tea stall to serve the customers. But in some tea stalls there is no boy and the owner does everything single handed. People refresh themselves with a cup of tea in a tea stall. People who come to a tea stall usually do not leave it immediately after taking a cup of tea. A tea stall is also a place where social disputes are settled. People mainly talk about politics and current affairs. This is why some people call it a mini parliament by fun. In fact, tea stall is nowadays an important place of social gathering. At present stalkers take shelter in any tea stall near school-colleges and tease girls. It is creating a very bad impact on our society. Despite some dark aspects, a tea stall occupies an important place in our day-to-day life.
13. The Folk Music of Bangladesh
Bangladesh is country that has very deep traditional music roots. Music is not only used as a form of documenting the lives of people by writing songs about them, but it is a vital part of their prayers. The songs are composed for different groups in the community, such as hermits, fishermen and cart drivers, each having specific songs relating to them. As the world becomes more modernized, the music industry in Bangladesh is also adapting and various genres began to emerge, such as the folk music genre called Sufi. There were a number of people who contributed to the popularization of Bangla folk music, such as Addas Uddin, Lalon Fokir and Ramesh Shill, and there are a number of different categories within the folk music genre of Bangladesh. The Bhandari genre is mainly performed in the south of the country and is a form of devotional music; while in the north, in the Rangpur region, Gombhira, Bhawaiya and Gajirgeet are more popular. Bhawaiya is the genre of cart drivers. Gombhira on the other hand is always performed by two artists, representing a man and his grandfather. Westernization of music has crept into the Bangla music industry, but folk music is still widely popular, and now younger musicians are beginning to follow by the example set by these musicians to bring folk music back as a popular music genre.
14. Ethnic People of Bangladesh
There are many ethnic people in Bangladesh. They are important parts of our culture. The majority of these people live in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. The others live in the regions of Mymensingh, Rajshahi and Sylhet. They live in forest the areas, in the hills and in rural areas. They practise Jhum cultivation. They clear a piece of land in the forest, prepare it and sow seeds in it. They are mostly farmers. By religion they are Hindus, Christians or Buddhists. They speak their own mother tongues. Some of them are the Chakmas, the Marmans, the Tipperas and the Moorangs who live in the Hill Tracts. The Santals live in Rajshahi. The Khasias and the Monipuries live in Sylhet and the Hajangs and the Garos in Mymensingh. Infact all the enthnic people are important part of our population.
15. Our Neighbors
We all live in a society and we all have neighbors. But how many of us have really good and loyal neighbors? Some of us don’t even know who stays next door! That is how things have changed in the modern world. I live in an apartment and I too have lovely and nice neighbors. They came to this apartment after we had been here for more than a year. At first since my parents and they were also working, we did not have much time to speak to each other. Gradually, we started mingling and talking and I had a company in that house, a boy of my age. So we became friends quickly and that led to the fast growth of our families’ relationship too. We invite them for birthdays and special occasions and they also invite us when they have something special at their home. Apart from celebration, they are also very helping people. Once my sister fell down, it was the uncle of that house who took her to the hospital as my parents had just gone out for something very urgent and similarly my parents have also helped them when they required help. Now most of the evenings, either we go there to play or my friend comes over to play and our moms discuss and talk so many matters while we play. For any emergency, we could rely on each other and we have no problems over it. I love them very much and I wish we do not have to separate for any reason. Good neighbors are hard to find and we are lucky to have them.
16. Pastimes
The thing we do regularly for enjoyment rather than work is called pastime. In other words, pastime means one’s activities in one’s leisure. It differs from place to place. In our country pastime varies in respect of locality. In the village, we see men pass their leisure by chatting. They also indulge in some games and sports namely ha-du-du, boat race, kiting etc. Some village people have their pastimes by doing social activities. Some take part in cultural activities like ‘Jatra, Jari-gan,’ etc. In the town, we see people have their pastimes by taking part in the discussion on political issues at tea-stalls. In this scientific era, their pastime has changed. They are fond of spending their leisure before television. They watch programmes of different satellite channels. The younger generation is very much fond of cricket and hence they prefer sports channels. The women in the city area are fond of watching drama and films on television. The Chinese spend their time with their family members in parks. The Japanese love sports and spend their time in playing baseball, golf and practicing martial arts. Students spend their leisure in English clubs or art clubs or doing skate boarding. Thus pastimes vary from region to region. The pastimes which are common all over the world are watching television, reading novels, collecting stamps, sight seeing, gardening, walking, gossiping, fishing, going on picnics etc. I have a keen interest in photography. That is why, it is my favourite pastime.
17. Life of a Farmer
The farmer is one of the most useful people of since the beginning of civilization. We all depend on agriculture to meet our requirement of food. We get our food because the farmer grows crops and carries the agricultural activities. Though, they feed the entire humanity, their life conditions are far from satisfactory. The life of a farmer is very tough. He works very hard day and night in all seasons. During summer, he works under the heat of the sun. During the rainy season, he gets wet while ploughing the field. During winter, he carries on his hard work in spite of the dull and cold weather. The life of a farmer is much dependent upon forces of nature. For agriculture, adequate monsoon is required. If the rainfall is adequate, the agricultural output would be good. The farmer earns money by selling his crops. He remains happy if the crops are good. But, if the crops fail, then his life becomes miserable. Most of the farmers of our country are illiterate. They can’t read or write. Since they are not educated, they are unaware of their legitimate rights. They are often cheated by money-lenders. They have little education and awareness about the benefits of maintaining a good hygienic environment. Most of the farmers are simple, hard-working, sincere and honest people. They always remain at the mercy of nature and God. The Government has introduced several schemes for the benefit of the farmers. Let’s hope that these benefits will actually reach the farmers.
18. Street Accident
A street accident is a daily and common affair in Bangladesh. It is very common news on radio and television. We read the news of street accidents in daily newspapers every day. Street accidents generally take place on the busy roads and highways. There are many causes of street accidents. Roadside defects, excessive speed, dangerous overtaking, reckless driving, disobeying of traffic rules are the main reasons of street accident. Lack of public awareness is also responsible for accident. Very often people try to cross the road without following traffic signs and rules. As a result they are run over by vehicles. Street accidents have dreadful effects in our life. Every year thousands of people lose their lives and many more are injured in street accidents. We must take some steps in order to get rid of this national problem. Traffic rules must be enforced strictly. The reckless drivers must be given exemplary punishment. Besides, constructions of spacious roads, double way road will minimize the problem to a great extent. Non motorized vehicles must not ply on the highways and people must be conscious while crossing the road.
19. A Village Doctor
A village doctor is a very well-known figure in our society. He is not a much qualified doctor. He is known as an ordinary doctor. He treats the patients on the basis of his long experience of working with a qualified doctor. He generally sets apart a part of his living house as a dispensary where he attends on the patients. Normally, a chair, a table and an almirah are seen in his dispensary. He gets ready in the morning to attend on the patients. He often goes out to see patients on private calls in the adjacent areas. He takes small fees from the patients. Most often he gives his patients mixtures, tablets and syrups to cure their diseases. He does not keep expensive medicines and injections in his dispensary. As such he can’t supply medicines to serious patients. Sometimes, he prescribes wrong medicines, which cause death to some patients. But whatever may be the fact, a village doctor is a great friend to the village people. In absence of a qualified doctor, he renders immense service to them. He tries his best to cure the disease of the patient with his acquired professional knowledge. Really he is a very helpful and useful person to the villagers.
20. A Street Beggar
A man who earns his livelihood by begging in a street is called a street beggar. The street beggar is a common sight of any countries. His life is pitiable and deplorable. He is known to all of us. He stands at the roadside and stretches his hand with shout for money. He is found all around the town or cities. A street beggar may be able-bodied, blind, lame or crippled. When a passer-by walks past him, he draws people’s attention through appealing in various ways like shouting, singing and so on. He wears torn and patched dress. Some of them are really invalid. He begs from dawn to dusk and returns how with whatever he gets. With this small income, he supports himself and his family. He is never happy as he always depends upon other’s help and mercy. Sometimes, he begs door to door. So, the life of a street beggar is very miserable. It is our moral duty that we should rehabilitate them in proper places so that they can lead and live a normal life with the sense of honor. And we should make it possible for the street beggar to take part in economic activities.
21. Drug addiction
Drug addiction means the condition of being unable to stop taking illegal harmful substances that some people smoke or inject. Drugs like heroin, opium, marijuana, morphine, cocaine, phensidyle etc give exciting feelings to those who take these. But frequent taking of these drugs leads a man to certain immature death. Among the addicted people, the young generation is larger in number. There are mainly two reasons behind it. First one is young people are more curious. So, whatever they see harmful or useful, they are the first to taste. Again, frustration is another cause of taking drugs. When there is no hope left for the young, they become addicted to drugs. It has become not only a national problem but also a global problem. Thousands of families in cities, towns and even rural areas all over the world are directly or indirectly affected by it. Drugs have terrible effects on human body. It is a slow poison that damages the brain and all internal functions of the body leading ultimately to death. Again, drug addiction gives birth to new crimes. Drugs are very expensive. So, young people involve in crimes to get money for taking drugs. In Bangladesh drug problem has become a national problem.
22. Bangladesh
Bangladesh is a small country of south Asia. It became free from Pakistan in 1971. For the liberation about 3 million people sacrificed their lives. It has an area of about 1 lac 47 thousand 5 hundred and 70 square kilometers. The capital city of Bangladesh is Dhaka. Most of the people of our country speak Bengali. In 1952 we gained our mother tongue. It was a glorious acquisition for us. Although Bangladesh is a small country, about 160 million people live here. As it is a developing country, the people of Bangladesh are not free from financial problems. We are mainly Muslims but Hindus, Buddhists and Christians also live here. Bangladesh has many age old traditions. People observe different festivals on different occasions. Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul- Azha, Pahela Baishakh etc are the most common traditional festivals. Naturally Bangladesh is very beautiful. Bangladesh is a land of rivers. The Padma, the Meghna and the Jamuna are the main big rivers of the country. Jute, rice, tea, sugarcane, cotton etc are the main crops of the country. Despite these, Bangladesh has the world’s largest mangrove forest named Sundarbans and the longest sea beach named Cox’s Bazar. The national beast of this country is Royal Bengal Tiger. The national game of Bangladesh is Hadudu. The national bird is Doyel. The national flower is Shapla. The national fruit of the country is jack-fruit. The Shatgombuj Mosque, The Buddhist Bihar, Mahastangar etc are also prominent sites of Bangladesh. I feel proud of being a citizen of my country.
23. The International Mother Language Day
21 February is observed as the International Mother Language Day across the world. The then government of West Pakistan declared in 1948 that only Urdu would be the state language of Pakistan. But the students of our country protested this announcement saying that Bangla would be the state language of East Pakistan. The students formed ‘Mother Language Struggle Parishad’ and decided to continue their movement. On 21 February in 1952, many students brought out a procession and claimed their demand. But suddenly the police fired upon the procession and some students died on the spot. Consequently, Bangla was declared the state language of East Pakistan. Afterwards, on November 17, 1999, UNESCO declared the day as the International Mother Language Day. The day is observed to respect one’s mother tongue, in multilingual variety and cultural traditions throughout the world. On 21 February, the people of our country generally wake up early in the morning. They walk to Shaheed Minars barefooted with flowers and wreaths in hands. They also put on a black badge to mark the day as a mournful one for them. They offer flowers and wreaths on the foot of Shaheed Minars by standing silently for some time. Many meetings and seminars are held. People also pray for the salvation of the souls of the martyrs.
24. Danger of Smoking
Dangers of smoking are beggar description. It is so dangerous that it may cause cancer, heart attack, chronic bronchitis and other diseases. Every year millions of people die due to bad habits of smoking. One puff of cigarette smoke contains more or less nicotine, methyl alcohol, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, arsenic, benzopyrene and several other acids which are fatal to human beings. Nicotine constricts the size of the blood vessels which impedes the flow of blood and oxygen in the body. In fact, it causes blood pressure and heart attack. Benzopyrene is one of the most powerful cancer-causing agents in animals and human beings. Besides, arsenic is cancer causing. Tobacco tar is also cancer-causing. The tar and the drying effect of cigarette smoke slow down the action of the cilia inside the bronchial tube and eventually destroy them. Carbon monoxide drives oxygen out of the red blood cells. So, the dangers of smoking are immense and we should give it up without further delay if we are used to it.
25. Climate Change
Climate change is the most pressing issue at the moment over the world. The cause of climate change can be divided into two categories those are due to natural causes and those are created by men. Global worming is the main natural reason and using harmful chemicals in every day life the main reason created by man. The climate is changing rapidly that result in the rise of the earth’s average temperature. The global climate change and its consequences are leaving a bad impact on the developing countries to face natural calamities and poverty. Climate change impacts include temperature rise, greenhouse and carbon dioxide gas emissions, erratic rainfall, salinity intrusion, rise of floods, cyclones, storm surges and draught, ice sheets melting which will seriously affect the agriculture and livelihood, especially at the poor. Bangladesh, for its geographical locations, is likely to be the most affected. The developed nations, which are more responsible for such climate changes, should take responsibilities to protect the victimized countries. The Maldives is also one of the worst victims of climate change. A one meter sea-level rise will submerge about one-third of the total area of Bangladesh, which will uproot 25-30 million people of Bangladesh. These people will become refuges of climate change. To reduce the bad impact of climate change people should be aware. Tree plantation can reduce global warming which is the main natural reason of climate change. Stop using harmful chemicals can reduce environmental pollution which is the main man made reason of climate change. Students should be careful to protect the environment and raise awareness. Thus students can play a vital role to reduce bad impact of climate change.
26. Our National Flag
A national flag is the symbol of independence and sovereignty of a free country. Every free nation of the world has its own national flag. Bangladesh has also a national flag as she is an independent and sovereign country. Bangladesh got this nation flag on December 16, 1971 after a nine-month long valiant struggle of our heroic freedom fighters with the occupied Pakistan army. The flag is rectangular in size having a proportion of 10 : 6. There are two colors in our national flag – bottle green and red. The green color of our national flag stands for everlasting youth, freshness and vigour of the nation .It also symbolizes the greenery of Bangladesh. The deep red round color part symbolizes the rising sun of independence. It also stands for the supreme sacrifices of our heroic freedom fighters who laid down their lives for the cause of their motherland. The flag is hoisted everyday on the top of government building, educational institutions and offices. It is hoisted everywhere on independent day and the Victory Day. Besides, it is hoisted half mast on national and international mourning day. Whenever we see our national flag flying, our mind is filled with joy and hearts swell in pride. We feel proud of our national flag.
27. Tree Plantation
Tree plantation means planting trees in a systematic and organized way to maintain the balance of the environment. Trees are the parts and parcels of our life. They are useful and important to us in many ways. They provide us with verities of fruits, which are very delicious to eat and at the same time rich in vitamins. They supply us with various kinds of timbers which are used to make our houses, furniture, boats, buses, trucks etc and decorate them beautifully. The most important of all, they absorb carbon dioxide from air and release oxygen which is needed for our life. Above all, the necessity of trees cannot be described in words. So, we should plant more and more trees to develop our forest resources. Rainy season is the best time for planting trees. After plantation we should take necessary care of the little plants so that they can grow up properly. Awareness about the importance and usefulness of trees should be created among the people. After all, we should participate in tree plantation programme of the government to make it a success. Besides this, tree plantation programme should be turned into a social movement.
28. Environment Pollution
All our surroundings including air, water, soil, trees, and animals make up our environment. When the normal relations among these elements of natures are disturbed, the ecological balance is hampered and it is called environmental pollution. Environment is polluted by way of pollution of the factors that constitute it. Air pollution, water pollution, sound pollution and odour pollution together with deforestation are the main conditions that pollute environment. The impact of environment pollution is very dangerous. The smoke from factories and other vehicles contains harmful substances like carbon-monoxide and sulfur-di-oxide. These hamper the cleanliness of the air. Mills and factories set up on river banks let out chemical wastes in to the river water. These poisonous substances are destroying the plants and aquatic life. Pesticides and chemical fertilizers used in agriculture are also polluting water. When people drink this water or take a bath in the polluted water, they are attacked with stomach and skin diseases. Besides, the birds and beasts have to lose their habitats and are badly affected by environment pollution which may often bring about the extinction. Environmental pollution may be controlled by taking different measures. We may increase after station. If trees are planted in large numbers, we can be benefited in different ways. Trees also increase rainfall and prevent air pollution. Laws should be passed to prevent factories from dumping wastes. Moreover, every conscious individual and institution should come forward to solve this problem for the sake of our existence.
29. Deforestation
A large area of land abounding with trees, bushes etc. are called forest. And deforestation means cutting down trees in large numbers. Trees are useful to us in various ways. They provide us with wood, food and other products, they give us shade and they help to prevent droughty and floods. But the third of these services of trees is the most important. To draw quick profit from trees, men cut them down in large numbers. Trees are destroyed mostly for being used as fire wood. This destruction disturbs our ecological balance. It leads to soil erosion and deprives us of fruit and timber and causes economic loss. So, we have to realize the bad effects of deforestation. In fact, if deforestation goes on our country will be changed into a desert. So, we have to educate our common people and to persuade them to abstain from cutting down trees. We should create awareness among the general people about the evils of destroying forests and motivate them to plant more and more trees. Otherwise the forests of our country will slowly disappear and we will be in great miseries. So, I think every man and woman should plant at least a tree every year.
30. The victory day
Victory day is one of the most memorable days in our national life. This day is observed on the 16th December every year as we have achieved our national freedom from the tyranny of the then West-Pakistan through a tough liberation war. The brutal Pakistani army began an inhuman attack on the innocent people and many of our intellectuals and tortured innumerable woman. But our brave sons could not tolerate this inhumane attack. Both male and female from all portions of our society started a bloody struggle against the Pakistani rulers. After a nine month struggle the Pakhistan army was forced to surrender unconditionally. Thus the people of Bangladesh have brought the independence from the oppressive Pakistani rulers. It is not only a day of enjoyment but also a day of sorrow. It also makes us remember of our heroic sons and daughters who laid their lives to bring the freedom. The victory day symbolizes the triumph of justice over tyranny, of truth over falsehood. So the 16th December is a very important day in the history of Bangladesh.
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